02413nas a2200229 4500008004100000020002200041245011000063210006900173260001300242300001200255520168200267653000701949653000701956100002101963700001801984700002202002700001502024700001802039700002702057700002402084856007502108 2025 eng d a978-0-443-21834-700aChapter 26 - Hyphenated Raman and laser spectroscopy for the characterization of microplastics in tissues0 aChapter 26 Hyphenated Raman and laser spectroscopy for the chara bElsevier a441-4513 a

This chapter is dedicated to the possibility of combining Raman spectroscopy with other spectroscopic methods, namely laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in the detection and characterization of microplastics embedded in tissues of selected model organisms. The idea is to take advantage of the complementarity of the two methods, which originates in the way of laser-tissue interaction that both techniques utilize for sample analysis. Their joint use yields complete chemical information, that is, Raman spectroscopy provides molecular information, whereas LIBS provides atomic information as is well-described in the literature. Ultimately, the tandem LIBS–Raman analysis can be done from the same spot of the sample. Moreover, these two methods need very similar components and thus can share the majority of the laboratory setup. The chapter gives an overview of hyphenated Raman and LIBS systems, advancements in this field, and options for data processing of joint Raman and LIBS analyses. Data fusion of Raman spectroscopy and LIBS is also discussed. Special attention will be given to the detection and characterization of microplastics using Raman and LIBS systems, as microplastic pollution has attracted considerable attention in recent years, with news of microplastic detection in recent areas and also in human bodies resonating publicly. Raman spectroscopy may be utilized in the detection of microplastics and recent works support this. With the help of LIBS, which can elucidate further the potential risks of weathered microplastics, the hyphenated approach may be the way forward for in situ detection and characterization of microplastics.

10aBF10aMF1 aPořízka, Pavel1 aHolub, Daniel1 aKizovský, Martin1 aSamek, Ota1 aKaiser, Jozef1 aKalčíková, Gabriela1 aSingh, Vivek, Kumar uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978044321834700026802201nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245013800055210006900193300001100262490000700273520133600280653000701616653000701623100002601630700001801656700002201674700002701696700001601723700001701739700002001756700001501776700002101791700002101812700001801833856007201851 2024 eng d a2405-844000aRaman microspectroscopy and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for the analysis of polyethylene microplastics in human soft tissues0 aRaman microspectroscopy and laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy  ae378440 v103 a

People are exposed to microplastics (MPs) on a large scale in everyday life. However, it is not clear whether MPs can also be distributed and retained in certain tissues. Therefore, the development of analytical methods capable of detecting MPs in specific human organs/tissues is of utmost importance. In this study, the use and combination of spectroscopic techniques, namely Raman microspectroscopy and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), was tested for the detection of polyethylene (PE) MPs in human tonsils. Preliminary results showed that Raman microspectroscopy was able to detect MPs down to 1 μm in size and LIBS down to 10 μm. In the next step, human tonsils were spiked with PE MPs, and digested. The filtered particles were analyzed using Raman microspectroscopy and LIBS, and complemented by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The results showed that Raman microspectroscopy could reliably detect PE MPs in spiked human tonsils, while LIBS and XRF served as a reference analytical method to characterize particles that could not be classified by Raman microspectroscopy for their non-organic origin. The results of this study, supported by a current feasibility study conducted on clinical samples, demonstrated the reliability and feasibility of this approach for monitoring MPs in biotic samples.

10aBF10aMF1 aParobková, Viktória1 aHolub, Daniel1 aKizovský, Martin1 aKalčíková, Gabriela1 aRozman, Ula1 aUrík, Milan1 aNovotný, Karel1 aSamek, Ota1 aZikmund, Tomáš1 aPořízka, Pavel1 aKaiser, Jozef uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402413875302490nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210006900184300001100253490000800264520159600272653000701868653000701875100002101882700002201903700002201925700001601947700001901963700001801982700002202000700002502022700001502047700002102062700001802083700002702101856007202128 2023 eng d a0045-653500aLaser-based techniques: Novel tools for the identification and characterization of aged microplastics with developed biofilm0 aLaserbased techniques Novel tools for the identification and cha a1373730 v3133 a

Microplastics found in the environment are often covered with a biofilm, which makes their analysis difficult. Therefore, the biofilm is usually removed before analysis, which may affect the microplastic particles or lead to their loss during the procedure. In this work, we used laser-based analytical techniques and evaluated their performance in detecting, characterizing, and classifying pristine and aged microplastics with a developed biofilm. Five types of microplastics from different polymers were selected (polyamide, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride) and aged under controlled conditions in freshwater and wastewater. The development of biofilm and the changes in the properties of the microplastic were evaluated. The pristine and aged microplastics were characterized by standard methods (e.g., optical and scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy), and then laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) were used. The results show that LIBS could identify different types of plastics regardless of the ageing and major biotic elements of the biofilm layer. LA-ICP-MS showed a high sensitivity to metals, which can be used as markers for various plastics. In addition, LA-ICP-MS can be employed in studies to monitor the adsorption and desorption (leaching) of metals during the ageing of microplastics. The use of these laser-based analytical techniques was found to be beneficial in the study of environmentally relevant microplastics.

10aBF10aMF1 aPořízka, Pavel1 aBrunnbauer, Lukas1 aPorkert, Michaela1 aRozman, Ula1 aMarolt, Gregor1 aHolub, Daniel1 aKizovský, Martin1 aBenešová, Markéta1 aSamek, Ota1 aLimbeck, Andreas1 aKaiser, Jozef1 aKalčíková, Gabriela uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004565352203866802054nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210006900184300001100253490000800264520136300272653000701635653000701642100001801649700002101667700002201688700002101710700001501731700001801746856007201764 2022 eng d a0584-854700aThe potential of combining laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy data for the analysis of wood samples0 apotential of combining laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy and R a1064870 v1953 a

We report on combining the surface analysis technique of Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) with Raman spectroscopy. The combination of both techniques enables to study the chemical composition of the sample in a broader context when combining elemental and molecular information. Obtained elemental and molecular spectra are characteristic for individual biological samples (e.g., organs and cells) and are considered as a fingerprint. In this study, Raman spectroscopy is used for the detection of important molecular complexes in selected wood samples, e.g., accurate lignin and cellulose content on distinct spots of the sample surface. We chose Raman as a standard reference technique that is used for the lignin/cellulose ratio estimation. To complement the molecular information, LIBS technique was employed for the imaging of essential nutrients, e.g., Ca, Na, and K. Consequently, the contribution from both analytical techniques was combined and changes in the molecular content were visually correlated to the abundance of nutrition elements and show a direct dependence between the two signal responses. Thus, we can get specific answers to relation of lignin and cellulose formation with nutrients within the plant tissue. This evidence may then be helpful for the study of the effect of various environmental and stress factors.

10aBF10aMF1 aHolub, Daniel1 aPořízka, Pavel1 aKizovský, Martin1 aProchazka, David1 aSamek, Ota1 aKaiser, Josef uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0584854722001318