02082nas a2200121   4500008004100000022001400041245010000055210006900155300000800224490000600232520167900238856004301917       2021                        eng d  a2076-260700aThe Use of Raman Spectroscopy to Monitor Metabolic Changes in Stressed Metschnikowia sp. Yeasts0 aUse of Raman Spectroscopy to Monitor Metabolic Changes in Stress  a2770 v93 a<p>Raman spectroscopy is a universal method designed for the analysis of a wide range of physical, chemical and biological systems or various surfaces. This technique is suitable to monitor various components of cells, tissues or microorganisms. The advantages include very fast non-contact and non-destructive analysis and no or minimal need for sample treatment. The yeasts Metschnikowia can be considered as industrially usable producers of pulcherrimin or single-cell lipids, depending on cultivation conditions and external stress. In the present study, Raman spectroscopy was used as an effective tool to identify both pulcherrimin and lipids in single yeast cells. The analysis of pulcherrimin is very demanding; so far, there is no optimal procedure to analyze or identify this pigment. Based on results, the strong dependence of pulcherrimin production on the ferric ion concentration was found with the highest yield in media containing 0.1 g/L iron. Further, production of lipids in Metschnikowia cells was studied at different temperatures and C:N ratios, using Raman spectroscopy to follow fatty acids composition, under different regimes, by monitoring the iodine number. The results of Raman spectroscopy were comparable with the fatty acid analysis obtained by gas chromatography. This study therefore supported use of Raman spectroscopy for biotechnological applications as a simple tool in the identification and analysis both the pulcherrimin and microbial lipids. This method provides a quick and relatively accurate estimation of targeted metabolites with minimal sample modification and allows to monitor metabolic changes over time of cultivation.</p>  uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/2/27702794nas a2200121   4500008004100000022001400041245010800055210006900163300000900232490000600241520238000247856004502627       2021                        eng d  a2076-260700aUse of Waste Substrates for the Lipid Production by Yeasts of the Genus Metschnikowia—Screening Study0 aUse of Waste Substrates for the Lipid Production by Yeasts of th  a22950 v93 a<p>Oleogenic yeasts are characterized by the ability to accumulate increased amounts of lipids under certain conditions. These microbial lipids differ in their fatty acid composition, which allows them to be widely used in the biotechnology industry. The interest of biotechnologists is closely linked to the rising prices of fossil fuels in recent years. Their negative environmental impact is caused by significantly increased demand for biodiesel. The composition of microbial lipids is very similar to vegetable oils, which provides great potential for use in the production of biodiesel. In addition, some oleogenic microorganisms are capable of producing lipids with a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. The presented paper’s main aim was to study the production of lipids and lipid substances by yeasts of the genus Metschnikowia, to cultivate crude waste animal fat to study its utilization by yeasts, and to apply the idea of circular economy in the biotechnology of Metschnikowia yeasts. The work focuses on the influence of various stress factors in the cultivation process, such as reduced temperature or nutritional stress through the use of various waste substrates, together with manipulating the ratio of carbon and nitrogen sources in the medium. Yeast production properties were monitored by several instrumental techniques, including gas chromatography and Raman spectroscopy. The amount of lipids and in particular the fatty acid composition varied depending on the strains studied and the culture conditions used. The ability of yeast to produce significant amounts of unsaturated fatty acids was also demonstrated in the work. The most suitable substrate for lipid production was a medium containing glycerol, where the amount of accumulated lipids in the yeast M. pulcherrima 1232 was up to 36%. In our work, the crude animal fat was used for the production of high-value lipids, which to the best of our knowledge is a new result. Moreover, quantitative screening of lipase enzyme activity cultivated on animal fat substrate on selected yeasts of the genus Metschnikowia was performed. We found that for the yeast utilizing glycerol, animal fat seems to be an excellent source of carbon. Therefore, the yeast conversion of crude processed animal fat to value-added products is a valuable process for the biotechnology and food industry.</p>  uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/229500385nas a2200097   4500008004100000245011300041210006900154300001400223490000800237856004200245       2019                        eng d00aWhat keeps polyhydroxyalkanoates in bacterial cells amorphous? A derivation from stress exposure experiments0 aWhat keeps polyhydroxyalkanoates in bacterial cells amorphous A   a1905-19170 v103  uhttp://drupal.isibrno.cz/en/node/297400404nas a2200097   4500008004100000245014000041210006900181300000700250490000700257856004200264       2017                        eng d00aThe presence of PHB granules in cytoplasm protects non-halophilic bacterial cells against the harmful impact of hypertonic environments0 apresence of PHB granules in cytoplasm protects nonhalophilic bac  a100 v39  uhttp://drupal.isibrno.cz/en/node/299500356nas a2200097   4500008004100000245008600041210006900127300001300196490000700209856004200216       2016                        eng d00aAccumulation of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Helps Bacterial Cells to Survive Freezing0 aAccumulation of Poly3hydroxybutyrate Helps Bacterial Cells to Su  ae01577780 v11  uhttp://drupal.isibrno.cz/en/node/300800463nas a2200097   4500008004100000245019100041210006900232300001400301490000800315856004200323       2016                        eng d00aEvaluation of 3-hydroxybutyrate as an enzyme-protective agent against heating and oxidative damage and its potential role in stress response of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) accumulating cells0 aEvaluation of 3hydroxybutyrate as an enzymeprotective agent agai  a1365-13760 v100  uhttp://drupal.isibrno.cz/en/node/300900371nas a2200097   4500008004100000245010700041210006900148300000700217490000700224856004200231       2016                        eng d00aMorphological and Production Changes in Stressed Red Yeasts Monitored Using SEM and Raman Spectroscopy0 aMorphological and Production Changes in Stressed Red Yeasts Moni  aS30 v22  uhttp://drupal.isibrno.cz/en/node/300600372nas a2200097   4500008004100000245010600041210006900147300000900216490000700225856004200232       2016                        eng d00aQuantitative Raman Spectroscopy Analysis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Produced by Cupriavidus necator H160 aQuantitative Raman Spectroscopy Analysis of Polyhydroxyalkanoate  a18080 v16  uhttp://drupal.isibrno.cz/en/node/300500386nas a2200097   4500008004100000245011700041210006900158300001200227490000700239856004200246       2015                        eng d00aCryo-SEM and Raman Spectroscopy Study of the Involvement of Polyhydroxyalkanoates in Stress Response of Bacteria0 aCryoSEM and Raman Spectroscopy Study of the Involvement of Polyh  a183-1840 v21  uhttp://drupal.isibrno.cz/en/node/302300389nas a2200097   4500008004100000245011800041210006900159300001400228490000700242856004200249       2015                        eng d00aSEM and Raman Spectroscopy Applied to Biomass Analysis for Application in the Field of Biofuels and Food Industry0 aSEM and Raman Spectroscopy Applied to Biomass Analysis for Appli  a1775-17760 v21  uhttp://drupal.isibrno.cz/en/node/3021