02146nas a2200121   4500008004100000020002200041245011000063210006900173260001300242300001200255520168200267856007501949       2025                        eng d  a978-0-443-21834-700aChapter 26 - Hyphenated Raman and laser spectroscopy for the characterization of microplastics in tissues0 aChapter 26 Hyphenated Raman and laser spectroscopy for the chara  bElsevier  a441-4513 a<p>This chapter is dedicated to the possibility of combining Raman spectroscopy with other spectroscopic methods, namely laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in the detection and characterization of microplastics embedded in tissues of selected model organisms. The idea is to take advantage of the complementarity of the two methods, which originates in the way of laser-tissue interaction that both techniques utilize for sample analysis. Their joint use yields complete chemical information, that is, Raman spectroscopy provides molecular information, whereas LIBS provides atomic information as is well-described in the literature. Ultimately, the tandem LIBS–Raman analysis can be done from the same spot of the sample. Moreover, these two methods need very similar components and thus can share the majority of the laboratory setup. The chapter gives an overview of hyphenated Raman and LIBS systems, advancements in this field, and options for data processing of joint Raman and LIBS analyses. Data fusion of Raman spectroscopy and LIBS is also discussed. Special attention will be given to the detection and characterization of microplastics using Raman and LIBS systems, as microplastic pollution has attracted considerable attention in recent years, with news of microplastic detection in recent areas and also in human bodies resonating publicly. Raman spectroscopy may be utilized in the detection of microplastics and recent works support this. With the help of LIBS, which can elucidate further the potential risks of weathered microplastics, the hyphenated approach may be the way forward for in situ detection and characterization of microplastics.</p>  uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978044321834700026801810nas a2200121   4500008004100000022001400041245013800055210006900193300001100262490000700273520133600280856007201616       2024                        eng d  a2405-844000aRaman microspectroscopy and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for the analysis of polyethylene microplastics in human soft tissues0 aRaman microspectroscopy and laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy   ae378440 v103 a<p>People are exposed to microplastics (MPs) on a large scale in everyday life. However, it is not clear whether MPs can also be distributed and retained in certain tissues. Therefore, the development of analytical methods capable of detecting MPs in specific human organs/tissues is of utmost importance. In this study, the use and combination of spectroscopic techniques, namely Raman microspectroscopy and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), was tested for the detection of polyethylene (PE) MPs in human tonsils. Preliminary results showed that Raman microspectroscopy was able to detect MPs down to 1&nbsp;μm in size and LIBS down to 10&nbsp;μm. In the next step, human tonsils were spiked with PE MPs, and digested. The filtered particles were analyzed using Raman microspectroscopy and LIBS, and complemented by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The results showed that Raman microspectroscopy could reliably detect PE MPs in spiked human tonsils, while LIBS and XRF served as a reference analytical method to characterize particles that could not be classified by Raman microspectroscopy for their non-organic origin. The results of this study, supported by a current feasibility study conducted on clinical samples, demonstrated the reliability and feasibility of this approach for monitoring MPs in biotic samples.</p>  uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402413875302062nas a2200121   4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210006900184300001100253490000800264520159600272856007201868       2023                        eng d  a0045-653500aLaser-based techniques: Novel tools for the identification and characterization of aged microplastics with developed biofilm0 aLaserbased techniques Novel tools for the identification and cha  a1373730 v3133 a<p>Microplastics found in the environment are often covered with a biofilm, which makes their analysis difficult. Therefore, the biofilm is usually removed before analysis, which may affect the microplastic particles or lead to their loss during the procedure. In this work, we used laser-based analytical techniques and evaluated their performance in detecting, characterizing, and classifying pristine and aged microplastics with a developed biofilm. Five types of microplastics from different polymers were selected (polyamide, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride) and aged under controlled conditions in freshwater and wastewater. The development of biofilm and the changes in the properties of the microplastic were evaluated. The pristine and aged microplastics were characterized by standard methods (e.g., optical and scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy), and then laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) were used. The results show that LIBS could identify different types of plastics regardless of the ageing and major biotic elements of the biofilm layer. LA-ICP-MS showed a high sensitivity to metals, which can be used as markers for various plastics. In addition, LA-ICP-MS can be employed in studies to monitor the adsorption and desorption (leaching) of metals during the ageing of microplastics. The use of these laser-based analytical techniques was found to be beneficial in the study of environmentally relevant microplastics.</p>  uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004565352203866801949nas a2200121   4500008004100000022001400041245011700055210006900172300001100241490000800252520149500260856007201755       2023                        eng d  a0304-389400aPhysiological and transcriptome profiling of Chlorella sorokiniana: A study on azo dye wastewater decolorization0 aPhysiological and transcriptome profiling of Chlorella sorokinia  a1324500 v4603 a<p>Over decades, synthetic dyes have become increasingly dominated by azo dyes posing a significant environmental risk due to their toxicity. Microalgae-based systems may offer an alternative for treatment of azo dye effluents to conventional physical-chemical methods. Here, microalgae were tested to decolorize industrial azo dye wastewater (ADW). Chlorella sorokiniana showed the highest decolorization efficiency in a preliminary screening test. Subsequently, the optimization of the experimental design resulted in 70% decolorization in a photobioreactor. Tolerance of this strain was evidenced using multiple approaches (growth and chlorophyll content assays, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and antioxidant level measurements). Raman microspectroscopy was employed for the quantification of ADW-specific compounds accumulated by the microalgal biomass. Finally, RNA-seq revealed the transcriptome profile of C. sorokiniana exposed to ADW for 72&nbsp;h. Activated DNA repair and primary metabolism provided sufficient energy for microalgal growth to overcome the adverse toxic conditions. Furthermore, several transporter genes, oxidoreductases-, and glycosyltransferases-encoding genes were upregulated to effectively sequestrate and detoxify the ADW. This work demonstrates the potential utilization of C. sorokiniana as a tolerant strain for industrial wastewater treatment, emphasizing the regulation of its molecular mechanisms to cope with unfavorable growth conditions.</p>  uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030438942301733800402nas a2200097   4500008004100000245011000041210006900151300001400220490000700234856006300241       2023                        eng d00aRapid Identification of Pathogens Causing Bloodstream Infections by Raman Spectroscopy and Raman Tweezers0 aRapid Identification of Pathogens Causing Bloodstream Infections  ae00028-230 v11  uhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/abs/10.1128/spectrum.00028-2300434nas a2200109   4500008004100000245012000041210006900161260000800230300001600238490000700254856006300261       2023                        eng d00aRapid identification of pathogens in blood serum via Raman tweezers in combination with advanced processing methods0 aRapid identification of pathogens in blood serum via Raman tweez  cDec  a6410–64210 v14  uhttps://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-14-12-641001829nas a2200121   4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210006900184300001100253490000800264520136300272856007201635       2022                        eng d  a0584-854700aThe potential of combining laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy data for the analysis of wood samples0 apotential of combining laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy and R  a1064870 v1953 a<p>We report on combining the surface analysis technique of Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) with Raman spectroscopy. The combination of both techniques enables to study the chemical composition of the sample in a broader context when combining elemental and molecular information. Obtained elemental and molecular spectra are characteristic for individual biological samples (e.g., organs and cells) and are considered as a fingerprint. In this study, Raman spectroscopy is used for the detection of important molecular complexes in selected wood samples, e.g., accurate lignin and cellulose content on distinct spots of the sample surface. We chose Raman as a standard reference technique that is used for the lignin/cellulose ratio estimation. To complement the molecular information, LIBS technique was employed for the imaging of essential nutrients, e.g., Ca, Na, and K. Consequently, the contribution from both analytical techniques was combined and changes in the molecular content were visually correlated to the abundance of nutrition elements and show a direct dependence between the two signal responses. Thus, we can get specific answers to relation of lignin and cellulose formation with nutrients within the plant tissue. This evidence may then be helpful for the study of the effect of various environmental and stress factors.</p>  uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S058485472200131800434nas a2200109   4500008004100000022001400041245010600055210007100161300001100232490000900243856007200252       2022                        eng d  a0003-267000aRaman spectroscopy—a tool for rapid differentiation among microbes causing urinary tract infections0 aRaman spectroscopy—a tool for rapid differentiation among microb  a3392920 v1191  uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000326702101118101711nas a2200121   4500008004100000022001400041245013300055210006900188300001200257490000800269520124000277856007201517       2022                        eng d  a0141-813000aThe role of polyhydroxyalkanoates in adaptation of Cupriavidus necator to osmotic pressure and high concentration of copper ions0 arole of polyhydroxyalkanoates in adaptation of Cupriavidus necat  a977-9890 v2063 a<p>Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are abundant microbial polyesters accumulated in the form of intracellular granules by numerous prokaryotes primarily as storage of carbon and energy. Apart from their storage function, the presence of PHA also enhances the robustness of the microbial cells against various stressors. In this work, we investigated the role of PHA in Cupriavidus necator, a model organism concerning PHA metabolism, for adaptation to osmotic pressure and copper ions. In long-term laboratory evolution experiments, the bacterial culture was cultivated in presence of elevated doses of sodium chloride or copper ions (incubations lasted 78 passages for Cu2+ and 68 passages for NaCl) and the evolved strains were compared with the wild-type strain in terms of growth and PHA production capacity, cell morphology (investigated by various electron microscopy techniques), activities of selected enzymes involved in PHA metabolism and other crucial metabolic pathways, the chemical composition of bacterial biomass (determined by infrared and Raman spectroscopy) and also considering robustness against various stressors. The results confirmed the important role of PHA metabolism for adaptation to both tested stressors.</p>  uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141813022005712